Under current state law, scientists first need the approval of the local district attorney to conduct stem cell research. This new bill would remove any such requirement and further, give the state Health Department some controls. Additionally this bill bans cloning for reproductive purposes. Reproductive cloning is already banned under federal law.

Romney's opposition includes some of the top university and research facilities in Massachusetts, including the newly formed Harvard Stem Cell Institute, created specifically to study the possibilities of stem cells.

Now, all eyes are on the State House. The departure of former House Speaker Thomas Finneran, an opponent of stem cell research, had supporters optimistic about getting the measure through that chamber.

House and Senate versions of the bill differ on a few key issues. For example, the House would give the Department of Public Health greater power to regulate the research while the Senate limits the agency's powers.

Read more